Saturday, June 14, 2008

Discussion on Psychological Foundations – Psychoanalytic & Behaviorist Perspectives

The famous Sigmund Freud gave birth to Psychoanalysis and introduced the Psychosexual development of the individual. Freud’s belief is very simple: the first 5 years or the formative years in one’s life affects the adult individual the most. Hence, behavior is controlled by emotional motivations and irrational forces, biological and instinctual drives. Instincts are central to the Psychoanalytic approach. Both sexual and aggressive drives are powerful determinants why people do what they do.


The three components of the personality are the id, ego and superego. The id represents the selfish desires and instinctual drives that want instant gratification. The superego represents the ideal, but sadly not the real. And it strives for perfection. The ego is the balancing force between the two. It may apply delayed gratification on the wants of the id to adhere to the demands of the superego. Behavior, then, is the consequence of unconscious processes. How then, as a counselor, can I help people who may have abnormalities? Well, for one thing, I would have to let the person become aware of his/her overindulgence in any one of the three components. See, Freud believed that neurosis is the result of one of the components being bigger than the two. A normal person should be able to cope with life’s stresses by maintaining a balance in all three. That is why we also use defense mechanisms to cope with challenges. The defenses include rationalization, displacement, reaction-formation, denial, suppression, repression, etc. Although using any of these can help us cope, overusing any of it can also lead to mental illness or maladjustment to life. So, it is also a note for counselors to guide the clients into facing reality and not only to hide by using defense mechanisms.


For Behaviorism, courtesy of John B. Watson, together with BF Skinner, Ivan Pavlov, and the like, the focus is on the study of overt or observable behavior. The social stimuli gives way to the person’s response and it can also become a form of reinforcement.


At this point, I thought about the Filipino setting when it comes to rewards and punishment. With the current administration’s hot seat due to graft and corruption allegations, I am made to think about how people in high positions of the government are able to tolerate such immorality of using the funds of the people for their own good. Sadly, as selfish as people are now, personal rewards are given more importance than the benefit of the majority. So why don’t we punish them? Yet, in reality, how can we? When the people who are supposed to punish are also given percentages of what they are able to steal just to keep them quiet and to avoid the punishment due them.


Hmm.. How are we supposed to trust the system? When the system works only for those who made it.

Discussion on Social Foundations

Social foundations will always be one of the bases of the development of psychology, counseling and education. Its implications in the life of a person and in the evolution of civilization and humankind are inevitable. We are shaped by the kind of family we have, the school where we were formally educated, the kind of community we have, the culture of our country, the religious beliefs that we hold, and on goes the list.


As a product of all these myself, I began to realize some things about myself. Fore mostly, I am generally a friendly person but I choose my friends. When I meet new people, I talk to them, testing the waters and trying to find some grounds of commonality. I try to make the person feel that I am interested to know him/her better, but not to a point that I might strike them as intrusive. The people that I meet or have to interact with due to uncontrollable situations, I try my best to be civil and respectful, regardless of the person’s appearance, age and position. I believe that it is important to treat every person as humanely as possible. For a person to become a friend, it would take some time—I think that it is important that we both earn the trust, respect and confidence of each other.


Feelings of respect and awe usually come to me when I face authority figures. (And also nervousness, as I’ve mentioned in number 3, in some situations). These are my initial emotions. But I have to admit that when I am informed of a negative underside of those authorities, my feelings of awe usually waver, although the respect still remains.


I also think that people ought to be more sensitive, responsible for their actions and godly. I do not really expect these of everyone but I do expect them from the people that I am close to. I guess it stems from my belief that “same feathers flock together”. I feel that the way they are may reflect who I am. When my expectations are not met, I usually feel disappointed. It may even lead to a certain distancing of myself from that person(s). I’ve already experienced this but I have to admit that after some time, I am able to accept the person’s shortcomings (on my expectations, anyway).And soon after this acceptance, I am able to rebuild my fellowship with them. In the same manner as before? Sometimes, yes. Sometimes the gap has become too wide that the rebuilt fellowship may still have some distance.


I have always given importance to the persons who are near to my heart. Depending on the level of closeness, they have influence over my actions, decisions and way of thinking. Also, I seek for their opinion, company and help.


The best part of my personality, in relation to my significant others, is my ability to be loyal to them. I noticed that once a person has been attached to me, they can remain to be despite being physically distant. There’s always the effort to keep in touch and still be part of each other’s lives—not growing apart despite not growing together. Especially if that person and I are like-minded and we hold the same or almost-same values, beliefs and faith. I consider it the best part because my loyalty becomes the reason why I always try to be there for them—pray for them, empathize with them and help them out in times of their need. I think this may be why my closes friends include even those I have been friends with since grade school.


The worst part of my relationship with these people is probably that I have high expectations from them. I expect them to be the persons I have grown fond of. I guess it’s an “exchange” for my loyalty. Yes, I have experienced being disappointed by friends who have done something one time or another—something incongruent with the person I know them to be (especially if the deed is something I consider immoral). Although most have resulted to the maintenance of a good friendship, there are a few that has resulted to gaps between us. I see this as the worst part of me because I feel I’m being too judgmental and righteous (and it’s not like I meet their expectations myself, I think). Though I make it a point to see them as persons to be respected, I cannot seem to pick up from where we left off. The part of me that is scared of unpleasant surprises cannot tolerate incongruence and uncertainty especially on those persons whom I consider significant.

These parts of me can be helpful or unhelpful in relationships with my future clients. My loyalty can push me to persevere and be determined in helping a client work out and resolve her dilemma. This would mean that I can be zealous in facilitating betterment for them, which of course should also be preceded by willingness, cooperation and hard work on the part of the client. This way, the client can feel that she is being trusted. And that I, as the counselor, believe that she is capable of positive change and can reach the goals she has set.


But I would not like it if clients lie to me, or say one thing and do another. I feel that I cannot help and work with persons who can be deceptive, even to those who are willing to help them. I would like clients to be honest with me because the truth could be the best way to find a resolution. Making stories, excuses and denying facts are major turn-offs. If anything like this happens in real life, I would have to tell my client that she will be referred to another counselor because our relationship cannot be helpful if the truth is covered.


I honestly admit that I do not believe I can be a counselor for life. I’m not even sure if I have the abilities to become a “professional helper”. I fear that I do not have the skills and may cause harm to my clients.


Although I really love helping others out, I am afraid of disclosures and strong emotions from others which I may not be able to handle. There are still times when it occurs to me that it might probably be a lot safer to be that “therapeutic friend” than to be the “therapeutic professional helper”.


My Five-year Career Action Plan

By 2013, I will have (completely) earned a master’s degree in Counseling, be a licensed Counselor and working as an instructor in a Bible School.


Goal 1: Earn that master’s degree in Counseling

  • Present situation

    • In my first semester in the graduate school

    • Enrolled in the MS Psychology program

  • Identified dilemmas

    • A bit hesitant about shifting (because Psychology is my first love) yet currently is “forced” to shift because of RA 9258

    • Financial resources to be consistently enrolled until degree is completed (which would probably take 3 years)

  • Plan of action

    • Accept the need for the shift and at the same time, love a career field that I do not really feel inclined to

    • Make ends meet by having (an) extra source(s) of income


Goal 2: Get licensed

  • Present situation

    • Still in the 1st semester of graduate school

    • Cannot see myself as a lifelong professional counselor

  • Identified dilemma

    • A bit hesitant about being a licensed counselor

  • Plan of action

    • Help in actions that may do something about RA 9258

    • Shift to the Counseling program if the RA is totally pushed

    • Accept the fact that in the near future, the only way I can do what I love to do (as a professional helper) is to be licensed


Goal 3: Teach in a particular Bible School in Tagum

  • Present situation

    • Employed in a college institution in Davao City

    • Earning a master’s degree to get a license so that I will be more qualified to teach

  • Identified dilemma

    • Teaching would entail less income than what I dream, so I might not be able to provide my future family with everything they need (especially since I plan to send my future kids to really good schools)

  • Plan of action

    • Looking into the possibility of getting employed into good primary and secondary schools first (that might get my children free or less expensive education due to employee benefits) and then pursue the dream of teaching in the Bible School later (which would mean 2013 may not be the year to start a teaching career there).

Introductions

Introducing oneself would have rather been easy. Saying your name and sharing tidbits of oneself is something that we can expect when we’re off to do something new and majority of your companions are people you have met for the first time. As this is my first semester in the graduate school, I admit I have been pretty excited about going back to school and experiencing the highs and lows of being a student again. In short, I missed school!


Yet, I was also quite aware of some nostalgic feelings. Going inside a classroom in the university where I’ve spent my college days was like being transported back two or three years ago. Only, I was going inside with different people. There was no Misuey, Aia, Isabel and Juna. That made me think that maybe, I did not miss school—I miss them.


When I was introducing myself, talking about my family, educational background and work, I was also aware that I often weighed if I should tell this much or this little. The people listening to me were mostly strangers—and they will also be the persons I will be learning with for the next months or so. I did not want to say too much yet I wanted to say enough for them to recognize my uniqueness. Also, I noticed that I was quite attentive in listening to them. Hmm…I guess it was primarily because I was semi-impressed about these people who are striving for personal growth through higher learning.


The following week’s activity was appropriately called Memory Game; because we had to remember what the others said about themselves the other week and share that information to the class. To be honest, it did not require me too much remembering. Because I chose to introduce the persons whom I’ve known even before I started graduate school. And I noticed that in choosing the things that I was going to say when it will be my turn to introduce them, I was weighing things even more. Even though they were people that I’ve known before, I did not want to divulge too much lest I said something that they would personally not have wanted the group to know. I guess that is why the things I have shared were mostly superficial, like demographics. I guess I played the safer side.


In The Hat game, I remember looking forward about what my “adviser” would be suggesting to me in reference to my apprehensions, worries and weaknesses. It had been very easy for me to write those things down because I knew that I was writing it anonymously. The person would not know he was talking to me. So I was able to write and put many things there. I was being totally truthful that time. I guess it was the same for my classmates. I heard some very personal information back then and I think that they were thinking the same thought I had—that it was safe to disclose anything on that piece of paper because no one would know it was you.


I was also thankful for the person who got my paper. His suggestions were pretty practical; I could have pinched myself for not thinking about it first. I guess that’s the advantage when we share something about us with a person who is different from us—in gender, race or faith, etc.—because they enable us to see things in a different perspective. And the other’s view could be rather helpful in helping us reflect and make better choices.


Monday, May 12, 2008

Confronting...

I used to be the too polite kind. But I remember an instance when I came too strong because I felt that the persons I confronted were standing in the way of something that I wholeheartedly believed in. And that they had to be “put in their right place” for the cause to succeed. I guess the tendency to come too polite or too strong would depend on how I feel about the issue. If it’s something that can be handled in the kindest manner, then I would probably confront courteously. But if I feel so much for the issue, there’s a bigger probability that I’ll come strong.
There was a time when I felt I had to agree with almost everything that this person would say because I having a disagreement with her would be too tiresome for my time. However, I later realized that it was more tiring to agree with something that I personally oppose, just to stay in “good terms” with that person.
If I had been my own counselor, I would have confronted myself by showing my irrational beliefs: that I had to stay in good terms with the person and that it’s better not to stay true to myself to avoid tiresome disagreements. And being a client, I would have been thankful for the enlightenment! I can’t believe I actually talked myself to be “fake” just to make sure I don’t get into arguments with her.

Expressing Myself

In my family, there is much freedom of expression. We can express both verbally and nonverbally when we are worried, angry, even sad. Yet, there is also much limitation. Because I feel that it is awkward when we express something that might be “corny”. This includes love, sadness due to personal love affairs and things like that. I can’t say that it’s not allowed, it’s just that we’re not used to it so it feels awkward. It’s a good thing that cards, letters and text messages exist because it is through writing that we are able to let other members of the family know that we love them, because saying it face to face really is awkward and “corny” (hehe..).
I don’t think this affects much my willingness to listen to client’s feelings. Because I really want to hear the affective state of my client regarding his/her dilemma. In hearing what they feel, what would influence my willingness to listen is the client’s being honest in what he/she is saying.
I am quite comfortable about bringing up an issue with my significant others especially if I know I have a point reason of doing so. This is when I am sure that not talking about the issue would be unhealthy and unbeneficial for most people concerned. I can be both tactful and confrontational, but usually, I do things more with tact, especially when these are vulnerable issues that most would be uncomfortable talking about. Because putting myself in the others’ place, I would also appreciate it more if the person who brought up the issue would do so delicately, not causing any injury (or if there’s any, just slight ones) to everyone involved.

The Case of Amanda

One of the first emotions that I felt reading Amanda’s case was pity—it seems that the girl is lost. Her father’s death, uprooting from the country and culture she has ever known, and unhealthy relationship with her mother: all of these point that she is in dire need of serious help. Of course, Amanda’s way of “coping” with her situations are unnerving, even annoying. And her mother, as a single parent and disciplinarian, seems to be in a rather difficult situation herself, which makes it harder for her to understand Amanda.

I tried putting myself in her (Amanda) situation. But of course, with my Filipino upbringing and not having experienced such deep loss, I admit I cannot totally empathize with her. Aside from personality differences, if I was not educated that people need to be understood instead of being judged I would have branded her as a spoiled, selfish teenager who cannot see the reality that life does not give us what we want all the time.

But coming to think of that, I think I may be an “Amanda”… maybe just in subtler forms. There are times when I am faced with situations where I feel I am totally helpless to get out of, when things don’t go as planned and it’s out of my control, and when something very significant is forever taken from me. In those times when I feel deprived, cheated, abandoned, uncared for, I also try to “cope” haughtily, wanting people to think that I don’t care about any of those things. I guess Freud was right when he said that these defenses can be healthy. But too much of it can lead to mental health hazard. And that’s why we need help… from the significant people in our lives and yes, God.

Amanda, as young as she is, I believe, knows that she needs help. But she is wary of any help, which she seems to interpret as punishment, especially if it is something forced to her by her mother. Which is why she needs help from someone she sees as a friend.

I tried imagining myself as Amanda’s counselor. One of the first challenges of that role is not to judge Amanda—especially if I have already conversed with her mother and/or school authorities. Building prejudice against her would make it very difficult for me to be able to understand and empathize with her.

Another challenge is building a helping relationship with Amanda, which will let her see me as a friend who is willing to help her. If this is established, I am pretty sure that she will be an active partner during the course of the counseling. Yet it would be quite difficult in her case because she was “forced” to go to counseling, and it was her mother who forced her to it.

And lastly, it would be a challenge to make her mother and her siblings to understand that they need to support Amanda through her counseling period. They need to know that Amanda is undergoing a serious phase in her teenage life and quarreling with or scolding her would not exactly be an encouragement for her. Her home will be one of the most important support systems that she needs so that she may concentrate on her internal and relational issues.

I guess we have or we will encounter an Amanda in our life. It is rather easy to just put them under the category of “People I don’t think I can get along with” or “People too selfish whom I don’t want anything to do with”. But to be a helper or counselor is to learn the skill of seeing beyond the surface facts and coming up with questions to probe the real issues. It is to be aware that a person’s actions are just manifestations of deeper concerns that they may be covering up or ignoring. It is to see human beings as persons—with histories, pains, losses, desires, hopes and blank spaces that they want to fill. It is to let them see that there is hope and that they CAN change and work towards what they want HEALTHILY instead of overusing the defenses. It is about listening…

After all, each one of us has a story to tell.